What is a Splenectomy, and Why Would My Dog Need One?
A splenectomy—removal of the spleen—is a procedure sometimes needed when this organ is injured or diseased. The spleen, located near your dog’s stomach, plays an important role in filtering blood, storing it for emergencies, and supporting the immune system. While these functions are valuable, the good news is that dogs can live full, happy lives without a spleen. Other organs in the body are able to take over its duties, helping your pup stay healthy and active even after the spleen is removed.
Common reasons for spleen removal include:
Several health issues can affect the spleen and may lead to the need for surgical removal (a splenectomy):
Spleen Tumours – Tumours are one of the most common reasons for spleen removal in dogs. These can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The most common malignant tumour is hemangiosarcoma, a fast-growing cancer that often affects the blood vessels in the spleen.
Trauma or Rupture – Accidents or injuries, such as being hit by a car or a serious fall, can cause the spleen to rupture. This can lead to dangerous internal bleeding and often requires emergency surgery.
Infections or Immune-Mediated Conditions – Certain infections or immune system disorders can interfere with how the spleen works. In cases where these conditions cause significant spleen damage or enlargement, removal may be necessary.
Splenic Torsion – This rare but serious condition occurs when the spleen twists on itself, cutting off its blood supply. It can cause pain, swelling, and damage to surrounding organs, and usually requires urgent surgical intervention
An early diagnosis and timely intervention are important for managing these conditions effectively and without further complications.
The Splenectomy Procedure: What to Expect
Spleen removal in dogs requires careful preparation and skilled surgical technique to ensure the best possible outcome for your pet.
Pre-Surgery Preparation
Before surgery, your vet will carry out a series of evaluations to ensure your dog is healthy enough for the procedure.
Blood tests are used to assess overall health, measure red and white blood cell levels, and check for signs of anaemia, infection, or clotting issues. Imaging, such as X-rays or ultrasounds, helps your vet examine the spleen in detail, identify any tumours or abnormalities, and look for signs that cancer may have spread to other organs if present.
Lastly, a thorough physical examination—including an evaluation of the heart, lungs, and other vital systems—ensures your dog is stable and can safely undergo anaesthesia.
During Surgery
Your dog will be placed under general anesthesia to ensure a pain-free, comfortable experience throughout the procedure. During surgery, your vet and vet nurse will closely monitor vital signs such as heart rate, oxygen levels, and blood pressure to keep your pet stable and safe.
To remove the spleen, a precise incision is made in the abdomen. The spleen is carefully detached, with careful control of any bleeding. If a tumor is found, the veterinarian may also examine nearby tissues and lymph nodes to check for signs of spread or other abnormalities.
Throughout the procedure, the surgical team stays vigilant, watching for any complications such as excessive bleeding or injury to surrounding organs.
Once the spleen is removed, the incision is closed using sutures or staples, and a protective dressing is applied to help prevent infection and support healing.
Post-surgery Observation
Recovery and Post-operative Care for Dogs After Splenectomy
Proper post-operative care is crucial to ensuring a smooth recovery for your dog. Your role as the owner is vital in helping your pet heal effectively during this period.
Most dogs will require 2-4 weeks to recover fully, though some may need more time depending on their age, general health, and the specific condition that led to the surgery. Here’s what to expect and how you can support your dog during recovery:
Initial Recovery: For the first 24-48 hours, your dog may feel drowsy or disoriented due to the effects of anesthesia. This is normal, and they should gradually return to their usual behavior as the anesthesia wears off.
Follow-up Appointment: A follow-up visit will be scheduled to check the incision site and, if necessary, remove any stitches or staples. Be sure to keep this appointment to ensure your dog’s healing is progressing as expected and without complications.
Diet and Nutrition After Surgery
Your dog’s digestive system may be sensitive after surgery, so it’s important to adjust their diet for the first few weeks to aid recovery:
Small, Frequent Meals: Offer smaller, more frequent meals to ease digestion and avoid overwhelming their stomach and digestive system.
High-Quality, Digestible Foods: Feed your dog food with high-quality protein and easily digestible ingredients. Avoid foods that are high in fat or contain additives, as these can upset their stomach and slow recovery and cause general discomfort.
Supplements: Consult your vet about adding supplements like omega-3 fatty acids or antioxidants to boost your dog’s immune system during recovery.
Activity Restrictions and Rest
While your dog is recovering, it’s important to limit their physical activity to allow the incision site to heal properly:
Restricted Movement: Avoid vigorous activities such as running or jumping. For the first few weeks, restrict your dog’s access to stairs, furniture, and slippery floors to prevent injury. If neccessary, get a cage or a play pen to limit the space your pet can move in.
Leash Walks: Use a leash to control their movement during walks and avoid extended walks or strenuous areas like bushland or beaches that can cause your pet to overexert themselves.
Resting Area: Create a quiet, comfortable area for your dog to rest, away from busy household spaces, so they can heal without distractions.
Medications and Follow-Up Care
Your vet will prescribe medications based on your dog’s specific needs to support their recovery including, but not limited to;
Antibiotics: To help prevent infections at the surgical site.
Pain Relief: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other pain relief medications will be prescribed to manage discomfort.
Additional Supplements: Your vet may also recommend optional supplements to promote healing and improve recovery.
Signs to Watch For
While most dogs recover well, it’s essential to monitor your pet for any signs of complications.
Contact your vet immediately if you notice:
Incision Problems: Swelling, redness, discharge, heat or a foul smell at the surgical site.
General Illness: Fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, or labored breathing.
Digestive Issues: Vomiting, diarrhea, or signs of abdominal pain, which may indicate complications.
If any of these symptoms arise, don’t hesitate to reach out to us for advice or an emergency evaluation.
Follow-Up Care
Your team will continue to support your dog’s recovery with follow-up care, helping ensure the best possible outcome after spleen removal.
Can a Dog Live a Normal Life Without a Spleen?
Yes, dogs can adapt well to life without a spleen. Although their immune system may be slightly compromised, with proper care and regular vet check-ups, most dogs lead normal, happy lives post-surgery. Making sure that your dog stays up to date on vaccinations and parasite prevention is especially important.
Learn more about how our experienced team at Bayside Vets provides comprehensive care for dogs undergoing spleen removal.
The Risks and Costs of a Splenectomy for Dogs
Dog spleen removal is generally safe, but there are some risks you need to be aware of:
- Complications from anaesthesia.
- Post-surgical infection or blood clots.
- Recurrence of the underlying issue, such as tumour growth.
The cost of a splenectomy for dogs can range from $2,000 – $6,000 in Sydney, depending on factors like the dog’s size, the complexity of the surgery, and pre- and post-operative care requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions About Splenectomy in Dogs
What does a spleen do in dogs?
The spleen helps filter blood, store red blood cells, and support the immune system.
How long does it take for a dog to recover from a splenectomy?
Most dogs recover within 2-4 weeks, though full healing depends on proper aftercare and your dog’s overall health.
How serious is a splenectomy procedure for dogs?
While it’s a significant surgery, it is routine and has a high success rate when performed by experienced veterinarians.
What are the signs of complications after a splenectomy?
Symptoms such as fever, swelling, or lethargy may indicate complications and should be addressed promptly by your vet.
Compassionate Care for Your Pets When It Matters Most
Splenectomy in dogs, while serious, can greatly improve your pet’s quality of life when performed at the right time. Stay informed and work closely with your veterinarian to ensure your dog’s health and happiness throughout the recovery process and beyond.
At Bayside Vets, we provide expert surgical care and ongoing support for your pet’s unique needs. Book an appointment or contact us today to learn more about our pet surgery services.
